自然保護寄附講座の新しいパンフレットが完成しました！
今回新たに、10月～12月に行われる公開講座についてのご案内が
追加されました
この公開講座は、
①自然保護法制度
②生態系の保全と復元
③自然保護教育と環境教育
④環境影響評価
という大きな4つのテーマに基づき、それぞれの分野で活躍されている方々を
講師としてお招きしています。
自然保護に少しでも興味のある皆様は、是非お気軽にお申込下さい。
また、新しいパンフレットは事務局で保管しております。
ご所望の方は下記からダウンロードしていただくか、学生の方は事務局までお越し下さい。
新しいパンフレットはこちら → 自然保護寄附講座パンフレット.pdf
事務局
夏季休業のお知らせ
筑波大学自然保護寄付講座事務局は、誠に勝手ながら、下記の日程で夏季休業とさせていただきます。
期間 ： 2014年8月11日(月)～2014年8月18日(月)
お問い合わせへのお返事の他、公開講座へ申込フォームからお申込みいただいた方、メールでお申込みいただいた方、郵便にてお申込みいただいた方への返信につきましても、8月19日より順次行って参ります。
なお、お電話でのお申込みは19日以降となります。お急ぎの方はお手数をおかけ致しますが、メール、郵便、ホームページの申込フォームからお申込み下さい。
何卒ご理解のほど、よろしくお願いいたします。
事務局
Project Practice inMount Fuji
From 7 to 11 July, inFujinomiya City, Shizuoka, at the foot of Mount Fuji (or in fact already on theMount Fuji), the Global Negotiation Programme Project Practice “World Heritageand Local Identity” was held in collaboration with the Nature Conservation Programme’s “Nature Conservation Study Tour 1”, with a focus on Interpretationand Eco-tourism.
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What I learned duringthis program; there are mainly three points. These are ecotourism,interpretation, and Mt. Fuji.
<Ecotourism>
Mr.Shintani, thelecturer in this course is an interpreter/eco-guide of Mt.Fuji and hasparticipated in ecotourism projects in the world. We learned interpretationthrough examples of his works.
Mr. Shintani saidthat ecotourism is a solution for cultural and environmental problems. Inecotourism, tourists can see or experience indigenous nature and or culture inlocal areas, where local people or community participate in the tour as guidesand performers. Therefore, ecotourism contributes to spread understanding ofnature and culture, and contribute to economic benefits needed for the localpeople and the conservation of nature. Moreover, local people can strengthentheir identity. The subjects of ecotourism are indigenous things in the localarea. Since these are always near to the local people, they may think thesethings are ordinary and don’t care very much. However, by being exposed infront of the viewpoints of visitors, they can realize the value of the natureand culture. They can understand the importance and rareness, and be proud of them.
Tourism isinteresting and exciting, but I have been worried about an aspect of tourismthat external producers occasionally form images of the area as resources forbusiness, and tourists see the place through the filter made by external people.I doubted whether they could really understand the nature and culture through suchtourism. Also, the filter puts burden on local people. Perhaps tourism throughthick filters as such cannot convey local people’ message or what they think asreally important. I consider that a proper ecotourism can solve the problemlike this. In ecotourism, the main producers are local people themselves, andit enables to shorten the distance between what tourists see and experience andwhat local people do so.
On the other hand,ecotourism should be executed cautiously. Ecotourism have great influence onlocal people and community. It can change the community and people. An ideal ofecotourism may be that all people of local area can receive the favors, beproud of their culture and nature, and participate in conservation. However, Ithink that in reality the benefits are not distributed to everyone equally. Forexample, there is a possibility that ecotourism makes economical differences betweenthose who are engaged in ecotourism and those who are engaged in agriculture,or between the local area where ecotourism is executed and other areas aroundit. Moreover it is also possible that ecotourism affects on the culture itself.For example, local people might decide that they make the content of theirperformances more dramatic to show to visitors, or an aspect of culture maychange unconsciously through the contact with outsiders. If there is suchphenomenon, local people who relate to traditional culture or the industry oftradition cultures are forced to change their lifestyles. Ecotourism focuses onproblems in the local area and attempts to solve them through their action, soit becomes a solution for them, indeed, but at the same time, we shouldremember that it can change the structure of local community and local people’slives and such change can cause new problems. We must consider deeply not onlygood influences but also bad ones when making a plan of ecotourism, and we mustmonitor the condition of the area during and after execution.
<interpretation>
Before this projectpractice, I didn’t understand the concept of interpretation very much, but Ifelt thatI could grasp the general outline through this practice. There are somedifferences between interpretation and a mere providing of information. Whatcounts is “message”, as I understood. Interpretation is an action that conveysa message behind culture and nature. This point is an important difference froma mere information providing. Then, it is expected that visitors receive themessage and deepen the understanding of nature and culture. Therefore,communication is important in interpretation. Interpreters extract conversationwith visitors by effectively throwing questions about nature or culture for themto think and react, or appealing to the visitors’ five senses. Through these methods,visitors can understand the ‘message’ and have deeper interests, which is notmomentary. At the same time, interpreters change their attitude and ways ofcommunication according to the visitors’ character and reaction. They alsolearn something from the visitors, and always try to brush up their way ofinterpretation based on the learning. Therefore, interpretation is mutualaction between interpreters and visitors.
After entering thisgraduate school, I learned that it is not sufficient that natural and culturalresources are protected to exist. What is important is how to show theresources to people. I think what I had learned about it since this April weremainly about arrangement, institution, zoning, restoration and so on, that is,the side of protection of resources. On the other hand, in this practice, Ilearned about the side of the receiver such as interpretation.
I thinkinterpretation realizes both the satisfaction of visitors and conservation ofresources, and it plays a great role in tourism. At the same time, I also thinkthat the way of interpretation can apply to other situations. For example, in schooleducation. Duringthis course, I felt that my feelings and senseswere similar to the ones during class on Pedagogy. ‘Message’ is important inschool education too. Teachers must establish the important ‘message’ (theme)and make a plan of the classes along the ‘message’. It is ideal that theystimulate their students’ curiously and make them have continuous interest. Theideal of interpretation is similar to that of school education. What is more,Mr. Shintani said that it is importance for an interpreter to think of the positioning(where to stand) and the way of speaking. These skills are also important in schooleducation. Therefore I think interpretation and education can create mutualbenefit by cooperating with each other.
Furthermore, I thinkwe can also apply interpretation on a more micro situation. During this course,for the exercise on interpretation, we respectively introduced our ownimportant things. Through this practice, I realized that the method ofinterpretation makes it easier to convey more effectively and smoothly what Iwant the audience to know. With interpretation, we can learn what a personthinks and what is important for him/her. In a mere self-introduction, interpretationis valid. It becomes a tool for mutual understanding among people.
<Mt. Fuji>
I hadnever been to Mount Fuji until this project practice. When I went to Fuji anditssurrounding, I actually understood the greatness of Mount. Fuji. First, Iwitnessed the real size of Mount Fuji. Actually Mount Fuji was very huge, butit was not just a huge mass. I felt certain solemn atmosphere about Mount Fuji.
When I climbed themountain, I realized very strongly the greatness of Mount Fuji. When we startedto climb, the weather was fine, but on the way to climb, it suddenly changed.When around having arrived at the Houei Crater, fine rain began to fall and thewind became stronger. Then, according to the judgment of Mr. Shintani, westarted to go down. During descent from the mountain, we were enveloped by fogand the temperature went down. When climbing, we could see the blue sky and itwas even hot. However, when going down, our fields of vision were obstructed byfog and I felt it was cold. I might understand the sense of people who are lostin mountains. The situation changed completely in 20 or 30 minutes. If it werenot for Mr. Shintani and other teachers, I would have felt extremely uneasy. Iwas astonished by the changeable weather and realized the severe part of natureeven though I only stayed on Mount Fuji for few hours. However, I think itbecame beneficial to experience even slightly the two sides of Mount Fuji.
On the day we climbedI became worried about the safety of mountain climbers. There is an expected increasein the number of climbers who have little experiences in climbing because of the inscriptionof Mount Fuji on the World Heritage List. I realized that even around the sixthstation, people could meet danger like bad weather, landslides, and fallingrocks. I fear that climbers are injured because of their shortage of knowledgeor carelessness. Mass media is advertising the climbing of Mount Fuji, but Ithink they should be prudent. Then, I thought that interpretation would beeffective to ensure climbers’ safety.
Last of all, I wantto mention another thing I was concerned about. During this course, I reallyfelt the impact of the inscription of Mount Fuji on the World Heritage List bysigns, flags or posters. What I was concerned about was a poster in Sengenshrine. It was hung on the “torii”. Torii is the gate of the shrine. It plays arole as a border between sacred place and worldly place. I think that the toriiis sacred itself. On the other hand, poster is a worldly matter. So I think thepresent situation of the main torii of the Sengen Shrine cannot embody themeaning which torii primarily has. I want the concerned actors of the site toconserve not only its tangible value but also the intangible value.
Reported by Kazusa Miki, Masters’ Programmestudent in World Heritage Studies
2014年7月2日から4日に「景観・緑地保全論」が行われた。初日・2日目は景観・緑地保全の概要と農林水産業の景観保全に関して講義があり、3日目に石岡市八郷地区における茅葺屋根の民家と、茅の供給源となっている高エネルギー加速器研究機構内の茅場を見学した。
景観・緑地保全に関する概念や手法について、とくに景観については、その概念の幅の広さゆえの規制することのむずかしさを感じた。景観においては文化的景観など、文化財保護の視点からも重要な要素である。緑地も景観とは切り離して考えることはできない。そういった意味では景観・緑地というものを、文化財を取り巻く空間としてとらえることによって、“文化財保護”という視点からその保全に取り組んでいける可能性を感じた。
現在、景観・緑地に関する法制度はいくつかある。法律で規制されることは景観・緑地保全において、開発を阻止することが可能となるなどある一定の効果があることは確かである。しかし、法に担保されて守られているだけの景観・緑地は本来の意味での景観・緑地保全とはいえないのかもしれない。私が授業を通して強く感じたのは、景観・緑地保全を考えるということは、人(社会)と自然環境の関係性を考えていくことなのだ、ということである。地域住民とその土地との結びつきが深ければ、それはそのまま景観・緑地が保全されているという状態なのではないだろうか。
時代や生活様式の変容によって、人(社会)と自然環境との関係性は失われてきている。そのために現代社会は、景観・緑地保全のためのさまざまな制度を必要とするのであるが、それだけに頼って守っていくのではなく、今の時代に合った人(社会)と自然との関係性を築いていくことが重要であるし、それが成り立っている空間こそが本来の意味での理想的な景観・緑地保全のすがたであると感じる。
授業で紹介された白川村の合掌造り集落において、合掌造りの家は文化財として維持保存が行われているものの、本来合掌造りの家と関連して成り立っていた林業や農業、日常生活やコミュニティのあり方というものはすでに変化してしまっており、その関係性は希薄化あるいは失われてしまっているということであった。映像でみたムカデやニュウ、ホエなどは人と自然との関わりが密接だったなかで自然に生まれたものであり、その知恵や生きる力のようなものは、現代に生きる私にとってとても尊いものである。
私は工芸分野で学んだ経験をもつが、工芸分野においても伝統的な技や意匠は地域性や自然との関わりのなかから生まれ発展してきたものであった。そのようななかでこれまで伝統として先人たちに受け継がれてきた伝統的な技法や意匠などを、今という時代に生きている自分が表現する意味を考え表現することが常に求められた。工芸分野における制作・表現活動において、伝統をそのまま表現するのではなく、現代の視点で捉え直していく作業が必要であるということは、手法は違えどどの分野でも必要とされていることなのではないかと感じている。景観・緑地保全や文化財保護の分野においても、人間と自然という関係性を現代の視点で捉え直して、実際にどういうかたちをとっていくのか考えていくことが求められている。
今回見学させていただいた八郷地区の茅葺き屋根の茅は、高エネルギー加速器研究機構の茅場があってこそ茅の供給ができているが、全国的にみれば茅場の減少や葺き替えの負担が茅葺き屋根の保存にとっての大きな問題点になっているということであった。昔は、葺き終わった茅を肥料に使ったり、茶畑に敷き詰められたりと屋根以外の様々な用途で使用されており、茅がどこにでも生えていて、葺き替えも地域全体で行うものであったため家主の負担もそれほどではなかったという。
文化財としての“モノ”が残っているということは最優先に重要なことである。しかし、茅葺き屋根が抱えている課題にもいえるように、文化財を単体として捉え保存するだけでは、その保存がむずかしくなってしまう場合がある。とくに人の活動と自然環境の密接な関係性によって生み出されたようなものの場合には、その文化財を取り巻く様々な事象とうまく関連づけられれば、その関連のなかで保護も自然と成り立つのだろう。昔はそれが自然と成り立っていたのであろうが、今求められるのはそのような仕組みを新たに作りながら維持していくことである。人間の生活する空間と自然環境を切り離してそれぞれを維持保存していこうとするのではなく、両者の関係性（結びつき）を前提のものとしながら、とくに人の側から自然環境をどうとらえていくのかということが、景観・緑地保全の目指すところだと感じた。